What are the different microphone polar patterns?
Microphone polar patterns are a crucial factor to consider when selecting a microphone for various recording applications. They determine how sensitive the microphone is to sound coming from different directions. Understanding the different polar patterns can help you choose the right microphone for your specific needs, whether you are recording vocals, instruments, or sound effects. In this article, we will explore the various microphone polar patterns and their characteristics.
1. Omnidirectional Polar Pattern
The omnidirectional polar pattern captures sound equally from all directions. This pattern is ideal for recording environments where sound sources are located around the microphone. Omnidirectional microphones are often used for field recording, ambient sound, and capturing room acoustics. They are also suitable for lavalier microphones worn by speakers or performers.
2. Cardioid Polar Pattern
A cardioid polar pattern is highly sensitive to sound coming from the front of the microphone while rejecting sound from the sides and rear. This pattern is commonly used for vocal recording, as it effectively isolates the sound source from background noise. Cardioid microphones are also useful for recording instruments, such as acoustic guitars and pianos, where sound isolation is essential.
3. Super-cardioid Polar Pattern
The super-cardioid polar pattern is similar to the cardioid pattern but with a narrower rejection angle. This makes it more effective at isolating the sound source from unwanted background noise. Super-cardioid microphones are often used in studio environments for vocal recording, as well as for capturing sound sources in noisy environments, such as concert halls.
4. Hyper-cardioid Polar Pattern
The hyper-cardioid polar pattern has an even narrower rejection angle than the super-cardioid pattern. This makes it highly effective at isolating the sound source, making it an excellent choice for studio recording environments where maximum sound isolation is required. Hyper-cardioid microphones are often used for recording vocals, solo instruments, and in situations where the sound source is close to the microphone.
5. Bidirectional (Figure-8) Polar Pattern
A bidirectional, or figure-8, polar pattern captures sound equally from both sides of the microphone while rejecting sound from the front and rear. This pattern is useful for recording two sound sources simultaneously, such as a duet or a conversation. Bidirectional microphones are also suitable for capturing room ambience and for use in stereo recording setups.
6. Omni-cardioid Polar Pattern
The omni-cardioid polar pattern combines the characteristics of the omnidirectional and cardioid patterns. It captures sound from all directions, similar to an omnidirectional microphone, but with a slight preference for sound coming from the front. This pattern is useful for recording environments where sound sources are located around the microphone, but with a slight emphasis on the front.
In conclusion, understanding the different microphone polar patterns is essential for selecting the right microphone for your recording needs. Each pattern has its unique characteristics and advantages, making it suitable for various applications. By familiarizing yourself with these patterns, you can make informed decisions and achieve the best possible sound quality in your recordings.
